AS TRANSFORMAÇÕES EM CURSO NO SETOR BRASILEIRO DE PETRÓLEO E GÁS NATURAL E AS IMPLICAÇÕES SOCIOECONÔMICAS NOS PRINCIPAIS MUNICÍPIOS PETRORRENTISTAS

The Brazilian oil and natural gas market has been shaped by an evolutionary process and profound transformations in the legal, economic, strategic, and even technological spheres. The dynamism of these changes imposes new perspectives that require investigation, as this sector is one of the primary drivers of the national economy. For the purpose of better organization, this research will be divided into two different articles that aim to converge towards a common goal: understanding recent themes resulting from these developments. The first part, focused on analyzing the movements of the Brazilian natural gas industry and its productive capacity, applies Porter's Diamond framework to break down the market into six different attributes (i.e., Factor Conditions; ii. Government; iii. Strategy, Structure and Rivalry; iv. Demand Conditions; v. Related and Supporting Industries; and vi. Chance). The research findings show a market that is evolving towards a more dynamic and competitive model, recognizing natural gas as a possible significant contributor to the country's development. The second part, aimed at understanding the impacts on the main Brazilian cities that receive petroleum revenues in face of the core of oil and gas exploration transition from Campos Basin to the Santos Basin, was developed using data from consolidated sources, official reports from government agencies, and indicators such as RAIS, IDHM, IFDM, and ISDC. The conclusions reveal, in this case, that the receipt of royalties and special participation has not generated substantial improvements in the life quality of Campos dos Goytacazes, Macaé, Niterói, and Maricá. Both studies converge on the immediate need of a public policies and strategies reassessment to leverage the advantages gained from these natural resources and overcome the negative effects associated with the new scenarios.